MILK THISTLE
- Dave
- Mar 30, 2023
- 4 min read
Updated: Apr 8
Milk Thistle
Botanical Name
Milk thistle, Carduus marianus, holy thistle, St. Mary’s thistle, our lady’s thistle, Marian thistle
Common Name
Milk thistle, Carduus marianus, holy thistle, St. Mary’s thistle, our lady’s thistle, Marian thistle
Family
Asteraceae
Parts Used
Seed, leaves, flowers, root
Native To
A small area in the Mediterranean.
Harvesting Guidelines
Protective gloves and clothing are essential when gathering seeds to avoid injury. Harvesting begins once the flower heads turn brown and begin to dry on the plant. The heads can be clipped and placed into paper bags, allowing them to air dry for about 48 hours. After drying, seeds can be gently brushed free using a window screen to separate them from the chaff. Store cleaned seeds in a cool, dry place in glass jars to preserve their potency.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
n Traditional Chinese Medicine, milk thistle is used to support liver and spleen function. It is considered cooling and nourishing, helping to reduce inflammation and nourish Liver Blood and Yin. Roasted milk thistle is used when digestive fire is weak or sluggish, often combined with other herbs to enhance overall metabolism. As a tonic, it is taken over time to fortify the liver against the chronic stressors of modern living.
Ayurvedic PerspectiveIn Ayurvedic medicine, milk thistle is valued for its cleansing and restorative qualities. It supports the liver’s role in detoxifying the body and helps flush impurities from the digestive tract. According to herbalists like Anne McIntyre, it is particularly beneficial for skin issues rooted in liver congestion and is often used to regulate fat metabolism and support those managing diabetes. It is also used traditionally to increase breast milk production, reflecting its nourishing and rebuilding nature.
Indigenous and Folk UseThough not native to the Americas, milk thistle has been integrated into folk herbalism after becoming naturalized in many regions. In European traditions, it was commonly used to treat bilious conditions, which referred to liver and gallbladder imbalances. These included symptoms like digestive discomfort, bitter taste in the mouth, and jaundice. Folk practitioners relied on it for headaches associated with poor digestion and for detoxifying the system after heavy meals or alcohol consumption. In modern indigenous and rural herbal circles, it is sometimes included in detox blends or used to help the liver cope with environmental toxicity.
Scientific Studies and Modern ResearchModern research has validated many of milk thistle’s traditional uses. Its primary compound, silymarin, contains silibinin and silychristin, which are flavonoids that protect and repair liver cells. These compounds help stabilize liver cell membranes, reduce inflammation, and increase the liver’s ability to regenerate itself. Research also shows milk thistle supports kidney health, protecting against damage from medications and environmental toxins. Emerging studies suggest it may have benefits for the brain, especially in cases of age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s. Experimental models have shown extended lifespan and reduced protein toxicity when milk thistle is used in neurological conditions.
Modern HerbalismIn modern Western herbalism, milk thistle is considered one of the primary liver tonics. It is used when there is sluggish digestion, hormonal imbalance, skin breakouts, fatigue, or other signs of liver overload. It is commonly found in liver-support formulas alongside herbs like dandelion root, turmeric, burdock, and artichoke leaf. Herbalists also use it in blends aimed at supporting detox during seasonal changes or for individuals recovering from pharmaceutical use, alcohol consumption, or high exposure to environmental toxins. In traditional Chinese-style formulas, it may be paired with white peony or cramp bark for blood deficiency or muscular tension, and with yellow dock or baical skullcap when detoxifying the skin or treating alcohol-related disorders.
Adult Dose
Powdered Seed: 3-6 grams per day (often in capsules or added to smoothies).
Tincture (1:5, 60% alcohol): 20-40 drops, 2-3 times per day.
Standardized Extract (silymarin): 140-210 mg per dose, taken 1-2 times per day.
Decoction: 6-15 grams of crushed seeds simmered in water for 15-20 minutes.
Safety:
Milk thistle is generally considered safe when used as directed. However, it may cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to plants in the daisy or thistle family. Milk thistle may also interact with certain medications, particularly those metabolized by the liver, including birth control, anticoagulants, and certain chemotherapy drugs. Those with diabetes should use caution, as milk thistle may affect blood sugar levels. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before using milk thistle, particularly for people on prescription medications or with underlying health conditions.
Actions
Hepatoprotective
Antioxidant
Anti-inflammatory
Digestive aid
Detoxifying
Diuretic
Galactagogue (supports breast milk production)
Mild laxative
Energy
References:
Kumar, J., Park, K.C., Awasthi, A., Prasad, B. (2015). Silymarin extends lifespan and reduces proteotoxicity in C. elegans Alzheimer's model. CNS Neurological Disorders Drug Targets. 14(2):295-302.
McIntyre, A. (n.d.). Milk Thistle: Silybum marianum (Monograph). Retrieved from Anne McIntyre’s Website
Foster, S. (2009). Milk Thistle Monograph. Stephen Foster Group, Inc. Retrieved from Steven Foster’s Website
Tillotson, A. (n.d.). Milk Thistle Seed (Silybum marianum). Retrieved from One Earth Herbs
Information offered on Achula and on this page is for educational purposes only. Achula makes neither medical claim, nor intends to diagnose or treat medical conditions. Women who are pregnant or nursing, and persons with known medical conditions, should consult their licensed healthcare provider before taking any herbal product. Links to external sites are for informational purposes only. Achula neither endorses them nor is in any way responsible for their content. Readers must do their own research concerning the safety and usage of any herbs or supplements.
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Information offered on Achula and on this page is for educational purposes only. Achula makes neither medical claim, nor intends to diagnose or treat medical conditions. Women who are pregnant or nursing, and persons with known medical conditions, should consult their licensed healthcare provider before taking any herbal product. Links to external sites are for informational purposes only. Achula neither endorses them nor is in any way responsible for their content. Readers must do their own research concerning the safety and usage of any herbs or supplements.
